2.
  -2021
..  

(  )
:      :75
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.  '  :
(i) -
(ii) 
2.        
-
3.        
4.    -      
-
5.        ?
2.
6.   '  
-
7.    ? 40         

8.      :
..

90-94
1
85-89
3
80-84
4
75-79
4
70-74
5
65-69
8
60-64
4
55-59
2
50-54
3
45-49
3
40-44
1
=38
2.
  -2021
..  

(  )
:      :75
:    -    ,        
             
-
1.  '  :
(i) -
(ii) 
:󼨐󼨑󼨒-  :      
1900          ,       
           ,      
      
  ,     
  ,      :         
 
          -     ,
     ,       
 ,   ,   -   ,   
        : "      

 ?" 
 "            ?" 
,     ,     
    -             
        ,     

 
󼨻󼨼(i) -:   
2.
󹵅󹵆󹵇󹵈  
- 20
      ,   
                 
       ,         
           :
         
  ,         
         ,    
       
󼨐󼨑󼨒     (  )
         :
:    ,   ( , "   !")
:      ,   
:    -     

:         :
        
        
           
               - 

   
󺫦󺫤󺫥󺫧-     
1.               
      
2.     "     "    
        (  , , 
)   
3.     (  )      
  -       
4.         ,    

  -        
2.
󹱑󹱒  :  
              
  

- ,          : 
,                     
          ,     -  
   
 
   -      ,  
        
󹸯󹸭󹸮  
 , -      :
  :      '  

 '   :     '   
 :    20
       
 ,  , ,        -  ,
       
󼿝󼿞󼿟(ii) :    
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂  
            
,            
 ,    '       
           ,   
               ,  
  
      :
    
     
     
        ,    - , ,  - 
        
󼨐󼨑󼨒   ( )
2.
     '  
:"   ,    
      ?"
           
:              
             
    
󷨕󷨓󷨔    (  )
        -   ,  ,   -  
     
 :
         
       '   
       (   ),    
 
        :       , 
    
󷃆󹸊󹸋   
     :
 :    ( ,   
 )
 :    ( ,  , ,  

 )
          ,     
󼪀󼪃󼪄󼪁󼪅󼪆󼪂󼪇:  
 -   ,           

  -           
 ,   ,
         '   ,      
           
 -    
   
      
 :       ,  
   
󼨐󼨑󼨒  -
2.

-


 ,  
     

, -
,  
 
 
 ,  

 ,   
 ,  

    
   
󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹 
 -       ,      
  ,          ,    
     
 
  :          ,   
              ,  
           - ,    
2.        
:    :      -   
- 
 
               
   '       ,    ,   -,
     ,    ?        ,

           - ,      
     
,              

󹴮󹴯󹴰󹴱󹴲󹴳  :          
          ,  
    
   ,    , 
        ,    
2.
      
 ,      ,    ,
   ,        
             ,  
        ,       
       
 ,     -          - 
   
󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹  ?
  :
 , ,     ,      
     
   -   '    -      '  '  
         
           ,     
'    -      ,         
   
󹸯󹸭󹸮 
 ?
             !  ,
 ?  ,             
       
 ,        -  ,  , , 
  -              
     
󼨐󼨑󼨒  
    
   -  ,    '   
             :
󷃆󷃊  - 
2.
 :          
:           
      
- :          

:,   ,        
󷃆󷃋   
 :       , ,   
  
:             
  
- :             
   
:           , 

󷃆󷃌   
 :       
       :     - 
       
 :           ' 

:       ,  
󷃆󷃍   
 :     '     
:          '     
 :  
   '     ,  
 
 
:      '      
󼩎󼩏󼩐󼩑󼩒󼩓󼩔   
2.
                
 
 -     
󷃆󼽢1.   
       :
    ?
         ?
       
󷃆󼽢2.    
    , , , ,  
   '          
󷃆󼽢3.      
   ',    :
            ?
           '?
              ?
󷃆󼽢4.   
 ,       :

 
   
   
󷃆󼽢5.  
        
2.
      ,       
 
󷃆󼽢6.   
            :
  

-  (   )
  (, , -)
󷃆󼽢7.   
    ,         :



          '   
󷟽󷟾󷟿󷠀󷠁󷠂   
       
:
󷃆󼽢 :  
        ,   
      
󷃆󼽢   
:    ,  
󷃆󼽢 :    ,   

󷃆󼽢-:   ,     
󼿰󼿱󼿲   
,   
  :
󽅂 :      '      
󽅂 :        
2.
󽅂 :       -   
󽅂 :           
󷉸󷉹󷉺    :    
        ,      
      
     ,    '      10   
  !
      

       
       
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂  
      :
:       
:      
 :        
:       
:        
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬:    
      -            
   -     
            ,   
  
       
,     
     
        ,     
   
        
        -       
     
2.
-
3.        
:󷅰󷅱󷅵󷅲󷅳󷅴    :      
           
 -    
    ,               
    ,  
 ,          
    ?  ,    
 -        
                    
    ,     :       
  
,      ,         
 
󹸯󹸭󹸮  
    
      ,    
       
      - -      
     
  :
"         "
      
  -     ,
                  
      ,        
 
󷃆󹸊󹸋  
    ,    '  :
:       (      )
:          ( ,    '
 )
:        ( ,   
   )
󼨐󼨑󼨒  
   :
2.
 :        
    
 
 
 :          

              
      ,      ,   
   
󻏯󻏰󻏱󻏲󻏳󻏴󻏵󻏶󻏷󻏸󻏹 :   
     -         
   
        
;    
 
         , 
   
   
󹸽   
:           
 
:   '     (       
)
:      ()   ,
      
:         

,  -      
   
   
󷑏󷑐󷑍󷑎1. 
:
          
          ,       
,             
 -  
  
                
          -       
   
2.
    :
  :      
:   
 ;   
 
  :         
  
󹰼2. 
:
        
        ,        

  
 ,         
 
        ,     
,   
   ?           
󺉨󺅜󺉩󺉪󺉥󺉦󺉧3. 
:
          

               
 ,         

  ,   ,           - 
 - 
 
󼩉󼩊󼩋󼩌󼩍4.  
:
        
             
       ,    '    
  
 ,        '  
,    
 '    
󻓆󻓋󻓌󻓇󻓍󻓎󻓏󻓈󻓉󻓊5.  
      ( 98.6°F)         
   ,  
   ;    ,  
    
 
2.
       : 
        
     
󼨽󼨾󼨿󼩁󼩀6.   
   ,              
,        
           
   
,   
        
󷉃󷉄:  
                  
-   ,         ,  
'     ( )  -   ,   
       : "!" "!" " !" -    
  -           
  
             , 
      
       
󹳨󹳤󹳩󹳪󹳫       

 
/ 

 ()
, , 


 

   
   

, , 
, , 
󷆊󷆋󷆌󷆍󷆎󷆏 
    ,     
    
 
         -         -
      
,  ,         
 ,    ,
     -                
 
     
       ,   :  
          -      
2.
4.    -      
:   :      
 , ,    ,         
     -   ,    ,   
                 ,
          
 ,             , 
       ,  , "   !"
    ?      ,     
  -      
       ,       
󼨐󼨑󼨒  ?
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤  :
   (   )      
 ,     '   :
  (    ,  , ),
  ( , , ),
  (  , , )
  ,      
        
    
  -  
        
  -  
      
󷆊󷆋󷆌󷆍󷆎󷆏  
      :
1. :  ' - -    
2. :   
;    
3. -:    (),  ( ),   ( 
  )   
4.     :         , 
   


2.
5.  :           
      
󹺧󹺨󹺩󹺪󹺫-   
,        
  -   -   

󷿶󷿷󷿸󷿹󷿺󸚾󷻱󷿼󸚿󷿾󸛀󷻴󷿑󸛁󸛂󷾴󷾸󸛃󷿿󷾵󸛄󷾶󸛅󸀀󸛆󸛇󷾷󸛈󷾹󸀁󸀂   ?
  -     
 -    
, 1800        '   ,       
  ' 
󼨻󼨼-    ?
  ,    :
"
   
; 
  
 
 "
   
 
  ',  :
    (
        
 )
 -       :
    (
        
 )
  :
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾    
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾          
󼿝󼿞󼿟--  (-  ):
1.      ( , 
   )
2.        (    ,  
 
 ,    )
2.
3. 
      
4.      ( )   
󷉈󷉇     
         ,    '   
    
      
    
    ,    , "   !"
󷵻󷵼󷵽󷵾             ,     
  
󹵅󹵆󹵇󹵈-  :
1.    :
 
      ,  
      
              
    
2.   :
 , 
   (     ),   
  '             
       
󹸯󹸭󹸮-   
1.     :
           
 -   
  
 
2. -      :
           
             ' 
  
3.   :
  (       )  
2.
         -    '   
  
󼿰󼿱󼿲-   
  ,       
1.     ,  :
  -           :
    , ,      ,     
     ?
2.       :
     
 (     )  
             
    
 
3.  '   :
            
󼨐󼨑󼨒 :      ?
,     -    '  
,     
     
 ()    
          
 ,  
         ,   
      
    ,       
       +  +  = 
󹲹󹲺󹲻󹲼󹵉󹵊󹵋󹵌󹵍 (    )
        
, 
,    
            
-            -      
 
,            ,  
 ,       ,       
     
2.
        
,    
     ,     
-
5.        ?
:󷉃󷉄 
:     
      ,           ,
      '     ,     
         ,    -,  
 -     -, -   ,    , 
  ,       ,     ' , 
  ,     
,         ?
       
 ? 
    ,  ,  
 --    ?  !
        ""    
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤  
     
  , ,    

, , ,   -          
     
 
  :
"           
 "
           :
"      , ,      
  "
 ,     ,      ,   
 ,       '   -      !
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬   
2.
       ,    , , 
            
1.       
     
       , 
   
 
  ,     ,      ,  
        !
:70              
           ,    
    

 :    
2.      
          , ,     

 
      '  ,    ""  " "
  
     :
 (     ),
 (    ), 
 (    )
   ,       
3.    - 
 ,          
     

  
             
!
        
      ,           

2.
4.          
  
   , , , ,      
     

     
  -       !
   
    "  "     
 
5.    
     , ,       - 
:      ,        ,  
  
 ,     

 , 
   ,  
    -    
6.        
  
  -, ,    
   
  ,    
               
           
 ,        
7.    -   
        ()      (-
)     
   '     
   -  '  ,  
   
  ,    -        

 
8.    (  )
2.
 
    ' 
 ,  
    
   
              
  ,  
     
      , ,      
9.        
    
   , 
      
            
     
   
       ,         

 
10.        
        
        
    ,       
         '  
   '     -       
11.   
    '   

     
    
  

 
     
     ,    
   
12.        
-   -    
  
  ,   ,   
2.
               
   

13.       '   
        , 
   
 
    ,  ,  ,        

 
     
            
    
󷓠󷓡󷓢󷓣󷓤󷓥󷓨󷓩󷓪󷓫󷓦󷓧󷓬:   
     '              
,  ,            
     '   ,        ,
       
 
 :
 
  
     
, , ,    
  -,   
, ,   , 
 , , ,  
 ,      
  
 ,       -
  ,     '           

6.   '  
:󷇴󷇵󷇶󷇷󷇸󷇹- :     ! 
        

  ,   

    
       ...  ,
2.
  ,         --  
 - 
             
  ,      
       
,
     
   ,    -  
,    
          -    
  -        
󷮺󷮻󷮼󷮽󷮾󷯄󷯅󷮿󷯀󷯁󷯂󷯃  :     
1920   ,      '     
                
                   
 -     

     
  - ...     
     ,             
       
 ,         
   ' 
    ,          

󼨐󼨑󼨒   ?
               
--               
      
  :
 "!"   -             

-    -   ,  ,   ,  
      
 ,   
󹸯󹸭󹸮   
-    
 -     :
 :   
 , - 
- :  -- -   
  :           
2.
    
:   ,     
 
  '   :  
 ,  
     
  
   -      -   -    
󼨽󼨾󼨿󼩁󼩀     
     ,  , -   
        '     
    
 
,     -       
 
      :
       
,    

    
    (   )     
    ,     (  ,   
)
         
,     
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬-   -  
1.    
        ,
       
  -     ! 
 
2.             
   , "!"        -    
  
3.               ,
         
󼪀󼪃󼪄󼪁󼪅󼪆󼪂󼪇 :   
            : ,
                 
 
         ,     
  
,         ,  - ,    
             
  -
    
2.
 "!" -  
 :    '    
       
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂    

 
 

  
  

     
 
 
-  
- 
   
   
  

 
 
 
󹸱󹸲󹸰    
-      
:
         
 -         
  ,      '   
  
       -      
 ,  
   :
 
 
  
   
       ,      
     '   
󺚽󺚾󺛂󺛃󺚿󺛀󺛁 
 
  '          
,     
 
 
 ,           
2.

             ,  
       
󷆊󷆋󷆌󷆍󷆎󷆏 :   
-     
    ,       
 
                
              ,
             
 
         -      -  
      
 
-
7.    ? 40         

:󹳨󹳤󹳩󹳪󹳫    : " "   
        ,       
,                
        ,  ,   
  -      
 
,      
                 
    :       
       40        
   -     -  
󷗭󷗨󷗩󷗪󷗫󷗬   ?
󼨐󼨑󼨒  :
    
            
  ,    (    )    (),
,         
          
   
             -
,  ,   
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂 :
2.
        '        

    -       ,     
           
   :
 (μ)- 
  (σ)-   
 (σ²)-    
󼿝󼿞󼿟    
  (  '  )  
     
     
-       -    

󼨽󼨾󼨿󼩁󼩀   
-:      
 (  ):     
 -:       
 :     '   
  ,  ,     '   
󺮩󺮪󺮫󺮬󺮭󺮮󺮯󺮰    ?
    -    (  
)
    ( )    
      
     (  ' >30    )
󹴂󹴃󹴄󹴅󹴉󹴊󹴆󹴋󹴇󹴈   

 
- 
  
 (  ' )

  

  
2.
  
, SD, 
, 

 (    )
     

-, , 
- , - 
󼪀󼪃󼪄󼪁󼪅󼪆󼪂󼪇:      
         40      '
       "    ?"      
       ,       
         
          ,    
   - --
󷕘󷕙󷕚   
     40      (100  ) :
32, 47, 54, 49, 67, 75, 80, 58, 62, 45,
38, 72, 64, 59, 90, 50, 85, 77, 66, 61,
42, 55, 63, 70, 68, 74, 52, 60, 58, 64,
51, 69, 57, 56, 73, 48, 79, 83, 71, 65
󹳨󹳤󹳩󹳪󹳫 1:   
         
32, 38, 42, 45, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52,
54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 58, 59, 60, 61, 62,
63, 64, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71,
72, 73, 74, 75, 77, 79, 80, 83, 85, 90
󹳨󹳤󹳩󹳪󹳫 2:     
 10      (30  ):
 

30 - 39
2
40 - 49
6
50 - 59
10
60 - 69
10
2.
70 - 79
9
80 - 89
3
90 - 99
1
  
        
 
󹳦󹳤󹳧 3:  

             ,  
         ,  
     , 
  
 
󹴌󹴍󹴐󹴑󹴒󹴎󹴏󹴓󹴔󹴕 4:     

    :
:     40          2600   =
2600 / 40 = 65
  ():  
  SD ≈ 13.5
   
󷖳󷖴󷖵󷖶󷖷   
 = 65  SD = 13.5  , 
 :
    51.5  78.5     ( ± SD)
    
   
,         
              
,   
 ,            '  
      
󹰤󹰥󹰦󹰧󹰨  
  
    
     :
    
  
2.
 
 
  ,     

󹸯󹸭󹸮 
    ,        ' 
           ,   
           
        ,      HD
      , , ,    
      
8.      :
..

90-94
1
85-89
3
80-84
4
75-79
4
70-74
5
65-69
8
60-64
4
55-59
2
50-54
3
45-49
3
40-44
1
=38
: 󽄻󽄼󽄽 - -    ...
  ""     ,       
             ,   ,
           ,    
     , " ,        
  ,   
       "
2.
     , ", !       
          "
    '              
           
󷃆󹹳󹹴󹹵󹹶    :
  (CI)
 (f)
90 94
1
85 89
3
80 - 84
4
75 79
4
70 74
5
65 69
8
60 64
4
55 59
2
50 54
3
45 49
3
40 - 44
1
 (N)
38
󼨐󼨑󼨒  1:       
                 
     (     ),      
 - 
        ( )       
             
󽄡󽄢󽄣󽄤󽄥󽄦  2:   
  , 
   :
N = 38  , N/2 = 19
2.
,              ,   
    19  
   (CF)  :
..

..
90 94
1
38
85 89
3
37
80 - 84
4
34
75 79
4
30
70 74
5
26
65 69
8
21
60 64
4
13
55 59
2
9
50 54
3
7
45 49
3
4
40 - 44
1
1
(
















)
, 19   ?
 65 - 69   , 
       13 ,   
 21      19     
 ,   = 65 69
󼪺󼪻  3:   
       :
:
L =      = 64.5
N =   = 38
2.
CF =       = 13
f =     = 8
h =   = 5 ( : 65–69 → 69.5 - 64.5 = 5)
󼩕󼩖󼩗󼩘󼩙󼩚  4:  
󹴡󹴵󹴣󹴤       
     ,   , ,      
, ",     65-69         
68.25   ?"
   , "!       38       
          19  65-69     ,  
        
,   "
󼨐󼨑󼨒  5: 
    
 ?
,    
 
 :

          

 
         ,  
 '    (N/2)       
       
        

      
 -          
       ,          
  
󹸯󹸭󹸮  :
2.
󹴷󹴺󹴸󹴹󹴻󹴼󹴽󹴾󹴿󹵀󹵁󹵂    -    
1.  N    
2.         N 2   
3.             (CF)  

4.      (    N/2   )
5.   :
6.        
"               

       ,         "